As a model of anxiety disorder vulnerability, male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats acquire lever-press avoidance behavior more readily than outbred Sprague Dawley rats, and their acquisition is enhanced by the presence of a discrete signal presented CHESTNUT PWD during the inter-trial intervals (ITIs), suggesting it is perceived as a safety signal.A series
The study of evolution is limited by the techniques available to do so.Aside from the use of the fossil record, molecular phylogenetics can provide a detailed characterization of TMG evolutionary histories using genes, genomes and proteins.However, these tools provide scarce biochemical information of the organisms and systems of interest and are t
A large portion of the terrestrial vegetation carbon stock is stored in the above-ground biomass (AGB) of tropical forests, but the exact amount remains uncertain, partly owing to the lack of measurements.To date, accessible peer-reviewed data are available for just 10 large tropical trees in the Amazon that have been harvested and directly measure
Gregory Costain1,2, Anne S Bassett1–41Clinical Genetics Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 2Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 3Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, University GENTLE FACE CLEANSER Health Network, 4Department of Psychiatry, University of Toron